Optical fiber mercury biosensor based on immobilized urease and bromothymol blue onto the alginate-chitosan membrane in the flow-system

Authors

  • Dhony Hermanto Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram
  • Mudasir Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Gadjah Mada Jl. Sekip Utara BLS 21, Bulaksumur–Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  • Dwi Siswanta Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Gadjah Mada Jl. Sekip Utara BLS 21, Bulaksumur–Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  • Bambang Kuswandi Chemo and Biosensor Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember Jl. Kalimantan I/2 Tegalboto Sumbersari, Jember East Java 68121, Indonesia
  • Nurul Ismillayli Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram Jl. Majapahit 62, Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 83125

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.v49i1.9400

Keywords:

alginate–chitosan membrane, BTB, Hg(II) ion, optical fiber biosensor, urease

Abstract

An optical fiber biosensor has been developed for detection of Hg(II) ion based on inhibition of urease immobilized onto alginate–chitosan membrane, coupled with bromothymol blue (BTB) in the flow-system. In order to get good performance of the biosensor toward Hg(II) ion detection, the experimental parameters of the biosensor were optimized. Here, the biosensor showed maximum wavelength at 580 nm, with the optimum pH at 6. The calibration curve had a dynamic working range at 10 to 500 µg/L of Hg(II) ion with a detection limit of 12.1 µg/L (equal to 10% inhibition) and highly reproducible (RSD= 0.86%). The regeneration of the biosensor has been performed by treating with 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution where up to 5 times cycles have been achieved with the inhibition decrease to 9.94% from the original biosensor response. Applying the biosensors to real samples showed the conformity of results with the reference method, cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). 

References

Apilux, A., Siangproh, W., Praphairaksit, N. & Chailapakul, O. (2012) Simple and rapid colorimetric detection of Hg (II) by a paper-based device using silver nanoplates. Talanta, 97:388–394.

Azmi, N.E., Abdullah, J., Ahmad, M., Sidek, H., Heng, L.Y. & Rahman, S.A. (2012) An optical based biosensor for the determination of ammonium in aqueous environment. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 3(5): 364–370.

Belluzzi-muiños, M., Dol, I. & Pistón, M. (2017) A low-cost device for sample introduction and determination of mercury by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry–application for irrigation water and paddy soil. Brazillian Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(14):34-43.

Driscoll, C.T., Mason, R.P., Chan, H.M., Jacob, D.J. & Pirrone, N. (2013) Mercury as a global pollutant: sources, pathways, and effects. Environtmental Science and Technology, 47(10):4967–4983.

He, L., Lu, Y., Wang, F., Gao, X., Chen, Y. & Liu, Y. (2018) Bare eye detection of Hg (II) ions based on enzyme inhibition and using mercaptoethanol as a reagent to improve selectivity. Microchimica Acta, 185(3):1–8.

Hermanto, D., Kuswandi, B., Siswanta, D. & Mudasir, M. (2019) Inhibitive determination of Hg (II) in aqueous solution using urease amperometric biosensor. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 19(3):786–795.

Hermanto, D., Mudasir, M., Siswanta, D., Kuswandi, B. & Ismilayli, N. (2019) Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of the alginate-chitosan membrane for immobilizing urease. Journal of Mathematics and Fundamental Sciences, 51(3):309–319.

Hermanto, D., Mudasir, M., Siswanta, D., Kuswandi, B. & Ismilayli, N. (2020) The preparation and characterization of alginate–chitosan membranes as solid support for btb and urease entrapment. Molekul, 15(1):40–47.

Hofer, I., Gremaud, M., Marchese, A. & Le Bouhellec, S. (2017) Determination of mercury in aerosol by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. De Gruyter Open, 27(8):186–194.

Ilangovan, R., Daniel, D., Krastanov, A., Zachariah, C. & Elizabeth, R. (2016) Enzyme based biosensor for heavy metal ions determination. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 20(1):184-189.

Kulig, D., Zimoch-Korzycka, A., Jarmoluk, A., & Marycz, K. (2016) Study on alginate-chitosan complex formed with different polymers ratio. Polymers, 8(5):1-17.

Kuralay, F., Ozy, H. & Yıldız, A. (2007) Inhibitive determination of Hg2+ ion by an amperometric urea biosensor using poly (vinylferrocenium) film. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 40: 1156–1159.

Kuswandi, B. (2003) Simple optical fibre biosensor based on immobilised enzyme for monitoring of trace heavy metal ions. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 376(7):1104–1110.

Kuswandi, B. & Suwandari, N.W. (2007) A simple and sensitive flow injection optical fibre biosensor based on immobilised enzyme for monitoring of pesticides. Sensors & Tranducers, 76(2):978–990.

Long, F., Zhu, A. & Shi, H. (2013) Recent advances in optical biosensors for environmental monitoring and early warning. Sensors, 13(10):13928–13948.

Nakadi, F.V., Garde, R., da Veiga, M.A.M.S., Cruces, J. & Resano, M. (2020) A simple and direct atomic absorption spectrometry method for the direct determination of Hg in dried blood spots and dried urine spots prepared using various microsampling devices. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 35:136–144.

Nixon, D.E., Burritt, M.F. & Moyer, T.P. (1999) The determination of mercury in whole blood and urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 54(8):1141–1153.

Nordberg, G., Jin, T., Leffler, P., Svensson, M., Zhou, T. & Nordberg, M. (2000) Metallothioneins and diseases with special reference to cadmium poisoning. Analusis, 28:396–400.

Pujol, L., Evrard, D., Groenen-Serrano, K., Freyssinier, M., Ruffien-Cizsak, A. & Gros, P. (2014) Electrochemical sensors and devices for heavy metals assay in water. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2(4):1–24.

Samphao, A., Rerkchai, H., Jitcharoen, J., Nacapricha, D. & Kalcher, K. (2012) Indirect determination of mercury by inhibition of glucose oxidase immobilized on a carbon paste electrode. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 7:1001–1010.

Sures, B. (2004) Environmental parasitology: relevancy of parasites in monitoring environmental pollution. Trends in Parasitology, 20(4):170–177.

Szkoda, J., Żmudzki, J.A.N. & Grzebalska, A. (2006) Determination of total mercury in biological material by atomic absorption spectrometry method. Mercury, 50:363–366.

Turdean, G. L. (2011) Design and development of biosensors for the detection of heavy metal toxicity. International Journal of Electrochemistry, 2011:1–15.

Urek, Š. K., Frančič, N., Turel, M. & Lobnik, A. (2013) Sensing heavy metals using mesoporous-based optical chemical sensors. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013:1–13.

Yabuki, S. (2011) Polyelectrolyte complex membranes for immobilizing biomolecules and their applications to bio-analysis. Analytical Sciences, 27:695–702.

Zeng, X., Liu, J., Zhang, Z. & Kong, S. (2015) Sensitive and selective detection of mercury ions by potentiometric biosensor based on urease immobilized in chitosan – poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel film. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 10:8344–8352.

Published

02-12-2021