An efficient in vitro propagation system for Nanorrhinum ramosissimum (Wall.) Betsche: A traditionally important medicinal plant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.v48i3.9100Keywords:
Plant regeneration, shoot tip explants, carbon sources, CNP ratio, acclimatizationAbstract
An efficient micropropagation system is needed for successful conservation and improvement of plants by biotechnological means. Nanorrhinum ramosissimum (Wall.) Betsche, a traditionally acclaimed medicinal plant has been selected for the present study. Shoot tip explants exhibited the best organogenetic response when inoculated on ½ strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Kinetin (KN) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5 mg/Leach). Shoot organogenesis was further enhanced when the multiplication medium was fortified with dextrose (1%) (2.6 shoots/explant; mean length 7.9 cm). The influence of Carbon:Nitrogen:Phosphorous (CNP) proportion on in vitro propagation demonstrated that the control combination i.e. 1:1:1 ratio as utilized in standard ½ strength MS medium was the most appropriate combination with induction of 2.38 shoots/explant having a mean length of 6.88 cm. All the regenerated shoots formed complete plantlets; however, the best rooting frequency was achieved on ½ strength MS medium containing IAA (0.5 mg/L). Four week old in vitro rooted plantlets were acclimatized with 95% of survival under greenhouse conditions. The regeneration protocol developed in this study provides a basis for germplasm conservation of this elite medicinal plant.
References
Abu-Romman, S.M., Al-Hadid, K.A. & Arabiyyat, A.R. (2015). Kinetin is the most effective cytokinin on shoot multiplication from cucumber. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 7, 10.5539/jas.v7n10p159.
Ahmad, M., Qureshi, R., Arshad, M., Khan, M.A. & Zafar, M. (2009). Traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of diabetes from district Attock (Pakistan). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41: 2777-2782.
Amin, A., Emmy, T., Kenn, F., Vassiliki, E., Sandra, A., et.al. (2017). In vitro and in silico antidiabetic and antimicrobial evaluation of constituents from Kickxia ramosissima (Nanorrhinum ramosissimum), Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8: 232.
Bambhadai, G.K. (1952). Vanspatisrusti, Audbhid Kot Ane Teno Aaharik, Ausadhiya Ane Aarthic Parichay, 1st Ed., Vallbh Vidyanagar: Charutar Vidya Mandal. Pp.343.
Bhandari, C. (2006). Vanousadhi Chandrodaya (An Encyclopedia of Indian Botanis and Herbs), Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrut Sansthan. Pp.117.
Bhojwani, S.S. & Razdan, M.K. (1996). Plant tissue culture: Theory and practice, A revised edition. Studies in Plant Science. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Diaz-Perez, J.C., Shackel, K.A., & Sutter E.G. (1995). Effects of in vitro-formed roots and acclimatization on water status and gas exchange of tissue cultured apple shoots. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 120(3): 435-440.
Dixon, R.A & Gonzales, R.A. (1994). Plant Cell Culture: A Practical Approach, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Flowers of India. Nanorrhinum ramosissimum. Retrieved from https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Toadflax.html.
Gamborg, O.L., Murashige, T., Thorpe, T.A., and Vasil, I.K. (1976). Plant tissue culture media. In Vitro. Pp.12.
Gaspar, T., Kevers, C., Penel, C., Greppin, H., Reid, D.M., et.al. (1996). Plant hormones and plant growth regulators in plant tissue Culture. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 32(4): 272-289.
Global Plants JSTOR. Nanorrhinum ramosissimum. Retrieved from https://plants.jstor.org/compilation/nanorrhinum.ramosissimum.
Hazarika, B.N. (2003). Acclimatization of tissue-cultured plants. Current Science, 85(12): 1704-1712.
Hidayah, W.A.W.N., Norrizah, J.S., Aminah, S.M.S., Ruzaina, S.A.S. & Faezah, P. (2012). Effect of medium strength and hormones concentration on regeneration of Pogostemon cablin using nodes explants. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 4(1): 46-52.
Jan, S & Khan, M.R. (2016). Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Kickxia ramosissima. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 182: 90-100.
Khan, I.Z., Aqil, M. & Khan, M.S.Y. (1991). A new flavone glycoside, acetylated pectolinarigenin 7- rutinoside from Kickxia ramosissima (Wall). Discov. Innov. 3(2): 59-60.
Koch, K. (1996). Carbohydrate-modulated gene expression in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 47(1): 509-540.
Kritikar, K.R. & Basu, B.D. (2005). Indian medicinal plants, 2nd Ed., International book distributors, India.
Madhulatha, P., Anbalagan, M., Jayachandran, S. & Sakthivel, N. (2004). Influence of Liquid Pulse Treatment with Growth Regulators on in vitro propagation of Banana (Musa spp. AAA). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 76(2): 189-192.
Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473-497.
Neto, D.P.V.B. & Otoni, W.C. (2003). Carbon sources and their osmotic potential in plant tissue culture: does it matter? Scientia Horticulturae, 97(3-4): 193-202.
Ngomuo, M., Mneney E. & Ndakidemi, P. (2013). The effects of auxins and cytokinin on growth and development of (Musa sp.) var.“Yangambi” explants in tissue culture. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4(11): 2174.
North, J., Ndakidemi, P. & Laubscher, C. (2012). Effects of antioxidants, plant growth regulators and wounding on phenolic compound excretion during micropropagation of Strelitzia reginae. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 7(4): 638-646.
Overvoorde, P., Fukaki H. & Beeckman, T. (2010). Auxin control of root development. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2: a001537.
Pandya, P., Acharya, R., Shukla, V.J., Kalyani, R. & Khanpara, K. (2013). Physico phyto-chemical evaluation of the root of Kanoti (Linaria ramosissima Wall. Janch.), Ayurpharm International Journal of Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, 2(9): 259-264.
Pullaiah, T. & Naidu, K. (2003). Antidiabetic plants in India and herbal based antidiabetic research. Regency Publications, India.
Shekhawat, M.S., Kannan, N., Manokari, M., & Ravindran, C.P. (2015). In vitro regeneration of shoots and ex vitro rooting of an important medicinal plant Passiflora foetida L. through nodal segment cultures. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 13: 209-214.
Singh, M. & Prakash, L. (1987). A new flavones glycoside and other constituents from Kickxia ramosissima (Wall) (Scrophulariaceae). Pharmazie, 42(7): 490-491.
The Plant list. Nanorrhinum ramosissimum (Wall.) Betsche. Retrieved from www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2335109.
Thomson, M. & Thorpe, T.A. (1987). Metabolic and non metabolic roles of carbohydrates, In: Bong, J.M. & Durzan, D.J. (Ed.). Cell and tissue culture in forestry, Pp.89-112. Martinus Nijhoff, Dardrecht.
Vaidyacharya Udaylal (1971). Dhanvantari Vanousadhi Vishesank, Part-6, Vijaygarh (Aligarh), Dhanvantari Karyalaya, Pp.229-230.
White, A.R. (1963). The cultivation of animal and plant cells, 2nd Ed. The Ronald Press, New York.
Zang, Q., Zhou, L., Zhuge, F., Yang, H., Wang, X. et.al. (2016). Callus induction and regeneration via shoot tips of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Springer Plus, 5: 1799.
