The use of concrete wastes as a limestone replacement in limestone-blended cement production
Keywords:
Concrete waste, cement production, physical, chemical, strengthAbstract
The limestone used in CEM II B-L type cement production is taken from nature routinely by quarrying of natural limestone resources which results in an ecological imbalance in the regions due to the destruction of nature. In this study, the use of concrete wastes in cement production is investigated. Experimental studies were carried out especially for their use in limestone blended cement production. For this purpose, concrete samples (150x150x150 mm) with a compressive strength of 65 MPa in average were milled after compression tests and milled concrete wastes were used instead of limestone additive in CEM II B-L type cement production. Their chemical and physical properties were investigated according to related cement standards. Also, the X-Ray diffraction analysis of cements were performed for the purpose of comparison. Mechanical performances of cements were evaluated at 2, 7 and 28 days under three point flexural and compressive tests. The use of waste concrete as limestone additive up to 10% replacement ratio increased the flexural strength by 8%. Also, the use of waste concrete up to 5% as limestone additive increased the compressive strength by 15, 8, and 9% at 2, 7 And 28 days, respectively. As conclusion, waste concretes can be successfully used instead of limestone additive in CEM II B-L type cement production.
References
Aliabdo, A. A., Elmoaty, A. E. M. A., & Aboshama, A. Y. (2016). Utilization of waste glass powder in the production of cement and concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 124, 866-877.
Andreu, G., & Miren, E. (2014). Experimental analysis of properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 52, 227-235.
ASTM C109, (2016). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM C114, (2015). Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM C187-16, (2016). Standard Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM C188-16, (2016). Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM C204, (2016). Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM C348-14, (2014). Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Batayneh, M., Marie, I., & Asi, I. (2007). Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes. Waste management, 27(12), 1870-1876.
Cachim, P. B., (2009). Mechanical properties of brick aggregate concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, 23, pp. 1292-1297.
EN, T. (2005). 196-1. Methods of testing cement–Part 1: Determination of strength. European Committee for standardization, 26.
EN, T. (2016). 196-3. Methods of testing cement. Determination of setting times and soundness. European Committee for standardization.
İnan Sezer, G. (2007). Effects of Limestone and Clinker Properties on the Properties of Limestone Blended Cement. PhD Thesis, Ege University, Institute of Applied Sciences, İzmir (in Turkish).
Jianzhuang, X., Wengui, L., Yuhui F. and Xiao, H., (2012). An overview of study on recycled aggregate concrete in China (1996-2011), Construction and Building Materials, 31, pp. 364-383.
Khoshkenari, A. G., Shafigh, P., Moghimi M. and Mahmud, H. B. (2014). The role of 0-2 mm fine recycled concrete aggregate on the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of recycled concrete aggregate concrete. Materials and Design, 64, pp. 345-354, 2014.
Manzi, S., Mazzotti, C., & Bignozzi, M. C. (2013). Short and long-term behavior of structural concrete with recycled concrete aggregate. Cement and Concrete Composites, 37, 312-318.
Medina, C., Zhu, W., Howind, T., de Rojas, M. I. S., & Frías, M. (2014). Influence of mixed recycled aggregate on the physical–mechanical properties of recycled concrete. Journal of cleaner production, 68, 216-225.
Mehta, P. K. (2002). Greening of the concrete industry for sustainable development. Concrete international, 24(7), 23-28.
Naceri, A., & Hamina, M. C. (2009). Use of waste brick as a partial replacement of cement in mortar. Waste management, 29(8), 2378-2384.
Naik, T. R. (2007). Sustainability of the cement and concrete industries, international conference on sustainable construction materials and technologies.
Puertas, F., García-Díaz, I., Barba, A., Gazulla, M. F., Palacios, M., Gómez, M. P., & Martínez-Ramírez, S. (2008). Ceramic wastes as alternative raw materials for Portland cement clinker production. Cement and Concrete Composites, 30(9), 798-805.
Rashad, A. M. (2013). Alkali-activated metakaolin: a short guide for civil engineer–an overview. Construction and Building Materials, 41, 751-765.
Singh, M., Srivastava, A., & Bhunia, D. (2017). An investigation on effect of partial replacement of cement by waste marble slurry. Construction and Building Materials, 134, 471-488.
Tsivilis, S., Chaniotakis, E., Badogiannis, E., Pahoulas, G., Ilias, A., (1999). A Study on The Parameters Affecting The Properties of Portland Limestone Cements. Cement and Concrete Composites, 21, 107-116,
Tsivilis, S., Chaniotakis, E., Kakali, G., Batis, G., (2002). An Analysis of Properties of Portland Limestone Cements and Concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 24, 371–378.
