Determining cadmium levels in herbal tooth powders purchased from streetmarkets in Lahore, Pakistan
Keywords:
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Cadmium, FAO/WHO, herbal tooth powders and permissible limit.Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the concentration of Cadmium(Cd) in herbal tooth powders purchased
from street markets in Lahore using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentrations of Cd in 15 samples of
herbal tooth powders were determined and compared with the permissible limit established by the Food and Agriculture
Organization and World Health Organization. The concentrations of Cd in 3 herbal toothpaste samples were also
determine to compare with herbal tooth powders during the present study. The samples of herbal tooth powders were
subjected to an acid digestion with HNO3 and HClO4 and the concentration of Cd in samples was determined AAS.
Cadmium was detected in 8 samples. None was detected (ND) in 7 samples. Cd levels ranged between 0 ppm (ND)
and 1.392 ppm in different herbal powders. The average concentration of Cd in different tooth powdered products was
0.30 ppm, while in herbal toothpastes it was 0.7919 ppm. The concentrations of Cd in most of the samples under study
were within the permissible limit approved by FAO/WHO (0.3 ppm). The results showed that most of the herbal tooth
powders from various local markets in Lahore (72%) have low concentrations of Cd and do not pose any serious health
risks to consumers. The present research emphasizes on the importance of establishing national permissible limits for
different heavy metals for herbal products in Pakistan.
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